Steinway pianos consistently rank as some of the most sought-after and respected instruments in the music market. Their reputation is built on a legacy that spans over 160 years, renowned for both craftsmanship and sound quality. Every Steinway piano is a product of meticulous engineering and artistic vision, making them a preferred choice for professional musicians and institutions alike. The brand’s commitment to quality means that owning a Steinway is often seen as an emblem of excellence and dedication to the musical craft.
Many musicians regard Steinway pianos as the pinnacle of what a piano can offer. Each model, whether it’s a grand or an upright, showcases a unique resonance and projection that enhances performance. The materials used, from the solid spruce soundboard to the high-quality hammers, contribute to a richness of tone that is hard to replicate. In live performance settings, the Steinway name commands respect and often adds an element of prestige to any concert or event.
On the resale market, Steinway pianos hold their value exceptionally well, often appreciating over time, especially if they are well-maintained. This not only underscores their musical worth but also their financial viability for serious players and collectors. Investing in a Steinway is often seen as an investment in one’s musical future.
Collectively, the feeling of playing a Steinway is unmatched. Many pianists describe the experience as one that elevates their music-making, allowing them to express their artistry more fully. For those who take music seriously, the decision to choose a Steinway piano is as much about passion as it is about practicality. The blend of tradition, innovation, and unparalleled acoustic performance keeps Steinways at the forefront of the musical instrument market, making them iconic staples in both personal collections and concert halls worldwide.

Keeping your Steinway Model S in top condition isn’t just about cleaning—it’s about a commitment to preserving its exquisite sound and craftsmanship. Start with regular dusting. Use a soft, dry cloth to wipe down the exterior, especially around the keys and surface. Avoid using any harsh chemicals; they can damage the finish. I recommend using a specially formulated piano polish for the best results.

Humidity and temperature are critical. Maintain a humidity level between 40 to 60 percent to prevent wood from warping or cracking. A dehumidifier or humidifier can be a great investment depending on your environment. Also, keep the piano away from heat sources like radiators or direct sunlight, which can cause significant damage over time.

Tuning is another essential aspect of care. It’s advisable to have your piano tuned at least twice a year, but more frequently if you play regularly. Seek a qualified piano tuner familiar with Steinway pianos; their expertise will ensure your Model S sounds its best.

Consider the action and keys as well. If you notice any sticking or unresponsive keys, don’t attempt to fix it yourself. Reach out to a professional technician who has experience working with Steinway instruments. Minor issues can escalate quickly if not addressed promptly.

Lastly, protect your investment with a piano cover when not in use. This simple step keeps dust and debris from settling, preserving the piano’s beauty. Caring for your Steinway Model S is not just routine; it’s an ongoing relationship with an instrument that embodies elegance and musical legacy.

The Steinway Model S grand piano is an iconic instrument, cherished by musicians for its exceptional sound quality and craftsmanship. Customizing this piano allows me to truly make it my own and enhances my playing experience significantly. Choosing the right finish is a fundamental step in personalization. Whether I prefer a classic polished ebony or a more unique satin walnut, the finish sets the tone and aesthetic of my space.

Next, I consider the action, which refers to how the keys respond to my touch. Upgrading to custom action parts can fine-tune responsiveness and improve playability. This means I can control dynamics more effectively, enhancing my expressiveness in performances.

Moreover, selecting the right type of hammers is critical. Different hammers can produce varied tonal qualities. I often opt for an upgraded hammer felt that delivers a richer tone and smoother play. This subtle change in material can profoundly impact my overall sound, making the instrument feel more like an extension of myself.

Besides tonal enhancements, adding personal touches like customized pedals can elevate my performance. For example, I might choose a more responsive sustain pedal tailored for my playing style. This customization can make a significant difference during intricate passages where precise control is essential.

Finally, I consider the aesthetic details, from personalized inlays to custom bench options that complement my piano. These small changes can create a cohesive visual experience that resonates with my style as a musician. Every aspect, from color and finish to the feel of the keys and pedals, aligns with my artistic vision and enhances my connection to the instrument. Customizing my Steinway Model S isn’t merely an enhancement; it’s an expression of who I am as a musician.

An exploration of the distinctive sound qualities across various musical instruments.

• Grand pianos exhibit a rich, resonant tone that fills a room with warmth. Each note resonates through the intricately crafted wooden body, creating a sound that feels both powerful and intimate.
• Electric guitars have a varied sound palette depending on the pickups and effects used. The ability to manipulate their tone with pedals allows for endless sonic exploration, from crystal-clear leads to thick, distorted riffs.
• Violins possess a unique ability to convey emotion through their expressive range. The finesse of bowing techniques and the quality of wood used impact the timbre significantly—resulting in a sound that can evoke deep feelings.
• Flutes provide a light, airy sound, perfect for melodies that dance and flutter. The material, whether silver or gold, influences the warmth and brightness, allowing for versatility in genres from classical to jazz.
• Drum sets offer rhythmic depth and texture, where each type of drum brings its own resonance. The size, material, and tuning of drums affect their sound, making them integral to a band’s overall sonic identity.

The Steinway Model S is a remarkable instrument that embodies quality and craftsmanship, appealing to both professional musicians and passionate amateurs.

1. Exceptional Sound Quality: The Model S produces a rich and full tonal palette, with a warm bass and a shimmering treble, making every piece you play come to life.
2. Compact Design: Unlike larger grand pianos, the Model S fits beautifully into smaller spaces, making it an ideal choice for home musicians without compromising on sound quality.
3. Handcrafted Excellence: Each piano is meticulously handcrafted by skilled artisans with years of experience, ensuring every detail is attended to with precision.
4. Responsive Action: The action of the keys is wonderfully sensitive, allowing for nuanced playing and subtle expression, essential for conveying emotion in your music.
5. Durability: Built with high-quality materials that stand the test of time, the Model S not only sounds good today but will remain a cornerstone of your musical journey for years.
6. Versatile for All Genres: Whether you’re playing classical masterpieces or contemporary hits, the Steinway Model S adapts effortlessly, making it a versatile instrument for any pianist.

Steinway Model S stands out for its compact size while still delivering a rich, grand piano sound. This model is perfect for smaller spaces, making it an ideal choice for both home use and smaller venues. In contrast, larger models such as the Model D or Model B provide a more powerful sound and wider dynamic range but come with demands in terms of space and investment.

The Model S offers incredible responsiveness, appealing to musicians who prioritize expressive playing. Its touch is lighter than that of larger models, allowing for intricate passages and subtle nuances. On the other hand, with the Model D, there’s a heavier action which some pianists may prefer for a more substantial feel when playing robust sections.

Price is another significant factor. The Model S is generally more accessible than the Model D, which can be a considerable investment. If budget constraints are a factor, the Model S delivers exceptional quality without the high ticket associated with the larger Steinway models. While it is possible to find less expensive brands offering alternatives, they often lack the craftsmanship and long-lasting quality embedded in Steinway pianos.

When comparing tonal qualities, the Model S gives you that classic Steinway warmth, albeit with slightly less volume than its larger siblings. Musicians who cherish nuanced tonal color may find the Model S surprisingly expressive, making it a viable option for both classical and contemporary pieces. The Model B, however, brings a broader palette of sound and can fill larger spaces effortlessly, which can be essential for concert settings.

Ultimately, choosing between the Model S and its larger counterparts comes down to your specific needs and preferences. If space and budget allow, the Model D or B might offer a better sonic experience, while the Model S shines in compact environments. This choice should reflect your personal playing style and the context in which you’ll be performing.

At 5' 1" (155 cm), the Model S Baby Grand piano is the smallest of the Steinway grands. This design was introduced in the 1930s to invite the majesty of the …

Baby Grand Piano – Model S | Steinway & Sons

Jul 19, 2022 … Yamaha, Mason & Hamlin, Baldwin… the list goes on of historic makers that occupy the same high tier that Steinway & Sons also sits on. Upvote

Played a Steinway model S and was disappointed. : r/piano

From classic grand pianos to baby grand pianos, from concert grand pianos to living-room grand pianos, Steinway offers a variety of grand piano models in …

Steinway Grand Pianos | Steinway & Sons

Neither this site nor Park Avenue Pianos is affiliated with Steinway Musical Instruments, Inc. The official website of Steinway & Sons. © 2024 Park Avenue …

Used Steinway Model S Pianos For Sale

41 likes, 1 comments – adkinspiano on December 14, 2023: "Prepping a 1988 Steinway & Sons Model S. #piano #pianotechnicianlife #steinway #steinwayandsons …

Dutch Adkins | Prepping a 1988 Steinway & Sons Model S. #piano …

The Steinway Model S is a remarkable instrument, and equipping it with the right accessories can significantly enhance your playing experience. One of the first accessories I would recommend is a high-quality piano bench. A comfortable and adjustable bench allows for proper posture and encourages longer practice sessions without fatigue.

Next on my list is a good piano lamp. Proper lighting is crucial for any pianist, and a dedicated piano lamp can illuminate your sheet music without straining your eyes. Opt for adjustable, warm light to create an inviting atmosphere.

Don’t overlook the importance of a quality piano cover. A fitted cover will protect your Model S from dust and moisture, ensuring it remains in pristine condition. It’s an investment worth making, especially considering the craftsmanship of Steinway pianos.

Tuning is essential for any piano, and having the right tools is a must. Consider investing in a digital tuner or a tuning app, which can help you keep your Model S perfectly in tune. This will save you the expense of frequent professional tunings if you prefer to do it yourself.

Lastly, consider sheet music storage solutions. A stylish yet practical music rack or storage cabinet not only keeps your music organized but also adds to the aesthetic of your piano setup. Accessories like these make every practice session enjoyable and contribute to developing your skills.

The Tesla Model S is undeniably a performance powerhouse. With instantaneous torque and a state-of-the-art electric drivetrain, it delivers exhilarating acceleration that leaves traditional gas-powered cars in the dust. The dual-motor all-wheel drive enhances control and stability, allowing for swift handling in diverse conditions.

Zero to sixty in under two seconds is not just a figure; it’s an experience. The seamless power delivery means that every start is thrilling, an experience that every performance enthusiast craves. It’s not just about speed; it’s about how effortlessly the Model S turns power into movement.

The advanced technology embedded in the Model S allows it to outperform many competitors. Features like adaptive air suspension provide not only a comfortable ride but also the ability to adapt to a driver’s demands, enhancing cornering performance without sacrificing comfort.

The responsiveness of the Model S’s regenerative braking system is another triumph. It not only extends the range but also adds to the performance, allowing for quick deceleration when needed. The car feels balanced and controlled; turning sharp corners becomes exhilarating rather than intimidating.

On top of its performance, the Model S offers a sleek, aerodynamic design that looks as fast as it drives. Every detail is engineered for efficiency and speed, where aesthetics blend perfectly with functionality. This combination ensures that I stand out on the road, all while driving a car that defies the conventional norms of automotive performance.

Ultimately, the Tesla Model S doesn’t just deliver impressive stats; it provides an unmatched driving experience that caters to those who live for speed and innovation. For anyone passionate about performance, the Model S stands tall as a superior choice, intertwining advanced technology with incredible capabilities.

The Model S strikes a remarkable balance between luxury and performance. It’s not just a car; it’s an experience.

When I first sat in the Model S, the interior grabbed my attention instantly. The minimalistic design, with a massive touchscreen at the center, defines modern sophistication. The user interface is intuitive, making it incredibly easy to navigate through functions. Whether you’re adjusting the climate controls or selecting your favorite playlist, everything feels seamless.

Performance-wise, the Model S boasts impressive acceleration. It’s astonishing how quickly the vehicle responds when you press the accelerator. With a 0-60 mph time that can compete with high-end sports cars, driving this model creates adrenaline-pumping moments.

Another standout characteristic is its impressive range. Driving over 370 miles on a single charge has changed my perception of electric vehicles. Long road trips are more feasible and enjoyable, without the constant anxiety of recharging.

Safety features are also noteworthy. With its autopilot capabilities and numerous safety ratings, I feel a sense of security that is unparalleled. The Model S is equipped with features that assist in emergency situations, making it one of the safest vehicles on the road.

I have to mention the sound system too. A premium audio experience is essential for any driving journey, and the Model S delivers just that. Every note from my favorite tunes is crystal clear, enhancing the entire driving adventure.

For those who value technology, the over-the-air software updates mean that my vehicle stays current. It’s like getting a new car every few months without ever leaving my driveway. This forward-thinking approach shows how Tesla aims to enhance ownership long after the purchase.

Overall, the Model S redefines what a premium electric vehicle should be. It’s not just an investment in a car; it’s a commitment to a lifestyle that values innovation, performance, and sustainability.

Exploring the artistry and skill behind musical instruments.

• The creation of a grand piano involves countless hours of skilled craftsmanship. Each piece of wood is selected for its unique tonal qualities, ensuring a perfect blend of sound and design.
• Electric guitars often showcase an incredible level of detail. From the shape of the body to the type of pickups used, every decision affects the instrument’s overall performance.
• Handcrafted violins represent the pinnacle of string instrument artistry. Each violin is shaped and tuned by master luthiers, resulting in instruments that possess outstanding tonal qualities.
• The finesse in flute-making speaks volumes about tradition. Crafting flutes requires precision, as even the slightest misalignment affects the playability and sound.
• Drum sets can be customized to meet the needs of any percussionist. The choice of materials, finishes, and configurations creates unique sonic footprints.
• The decorative elements on instruments often tell a story. Inlay work, carvings, and finishes reflect cultural influences, making each instrument a work of art.
• Innovative techniques in instrument manufacturing can elevate performance. New materials and engineering methods offer musicians enhanced sound quality and playability.

Steinway & Sons was founded in 1853 by Henry Engelhard Steinway and his sons in New York City. The company quickly achieved a reputation for quality and innovation in piano manufacturing. Henry had a vision to create the finest pianos in the world, and he succeeded beyond measure. The first Steinway piano ever built was produced in a small workshop in Manhattan and showcased the craftsmanship and attention to detail that would become synonymous with the brand.

In the late 19th century, Steinway made significant advancements in piano design and construction, including the development of the “Steinway Scale,” which improved sound quality and tonal range. This marked a turning point in piano manufacturing, positioning Steinway as a leader in the industry. The company’s commitment to innovation led to breakthroughs like the full iron frame, strengthening the piano’s structure and allowing for greater string tension, thus producing richer sound.

By the late 1800s, Steinway pianos began to dominate concert halls and were embraced by leading musicians, establishing a status that persists today. Steinway became known as the choice of concert pianists, with legends like Franz Liszt, Arthur Rubinstein, and Vladimir Horowitz endorsing their instruments. Each piano was meticulously handcrafted, with individual attention given to selection of materials, ensuring impeccable quality.

In the 20th century, Steinway continued to grow, expanding its influence globally. The brand made strategic decisions to establish factories in Hamburg, Germany, and later in other parts of the world, while maintaining the core of its operations in New York. Even as production expanded, the commitment to craftsmanship remained unchanged, with many pianos still being made in the original New York factory. Today, Steinway & Sons stands as a symbol of excellence in the piano world, with a rich history that reflects innovation, artistry, and a relentless pursuit of perfection that few can rival.

The Steinway Model S, often regarded as a classic among smaller grand pianos, holds a unique position in the hearts of many musicians. Measuring 5’1″ in length, it is the smallest grand piano in the Steinway lineup, yet it should never be underestimated. It offers a remarkable depth of sound, exceptional craftsmanship, and the hallmark Steinway touch that serious pianists expect. This model is an excellent choice for those who may not have the room for a larger grand piano but refuse to compromise on quality. The Model S is a perfect blend of size and sound, making it an ideal fit for smaller venues or private homes. The construction of the Model S adheres to the same demanding standards that Steinway & Sons has maintained for over 160 years. It features a solid spruce soundboard that promotes rich tonal quality. The action is meticulous, allowing for precise playability that is cherished by both amateur and professional pianists alike. While it may not resonate with the same power as its larger counterparts, the Model S provides a warm and intimate sound that is perfect for performances in smaller settings.In terms of aesthetics, the Model S is available in various finishes, making it a beautiful addition to any decor. Steinway’s attention to detail is evident, ensuring that you not only hear the quality but also see it. The glossy finish, intricate craftsmanship, and elegant silhouette render it a piano that attracts admiration.For pianists who value portability in addition to sound quality, the Steinway Model S proves to be an exceptional choice, easily fitting into homes, studios, or smaller performance spaces. Ultimately, if you seek a piano that embodies the prestige and legacy of Steinway & Sons while also accommodating your space limitations, the Model S is undoubtedly worthy of consideration.

The Model S has been embraced by several renowned pianists, drawn to its innovative features and exceptional sound quality. Artists like Chilly Gonzales and Lisa Mojsin have vocalized their enthusiasm about this model, emphasizing how it complements their musical styles. Chilly Gonzales, in particular, appreciates the flexibility it offers for both live performances and studio recordings. His unique blend of classical and contemporary styles is amplified by the rich tonal palette available in the Model S, allowing him to experiment with sound in ways traditional pianos may not facilitate. Similarly, Lisa Mojsin, known for her expressive interpretations and technical mastery, utilizes the Model S to enhance her dynamic repertoire. The responsiveness of the keys and the high-quality speakers mean her subtle articulations are faithfully reproduced, creating a more immersive experience for her audience. Notably, these pianists cite the model’s portability and ease of integration into various performance settings as significant advantages. This ability to maintain professional quality while being mobile is essential for modern musicians who frequently transition between venues. Some other notable pianists who have adopted the Model S include musicians in jazz, pop, and classical genres, highlighting the versatility this instrument offers. Each of these artists showcases the Model S’s capability to adapt to diverse musical expressions, underscoring its relevance in contemporary music. Whether in an intimate concert or a large-scale production, the Model S has proven itself as a dependable instrument for both performance and creativity. This makes it a popular choice among professiona; pianists who value quality and versatility in their craft.

The Steinway Model S stands out due to its distinctive combination of craftsmanship and sound quality. At just 5’1″, it packs a punch in tonal richness and depth, making it ideal for smaller spaces. The Model S features the renowned Steinway action, offering a responsiveness that you can feel with every keystroke. This model showcases Steinway’s signature hand-crafted quality, from the selecting of premium woods to the meticulous construction process. It’s not merely a smaller grand piano; it brings a unique voice that rivals larger models. With its incredible sustain and balanced tone, the Model S is often described as having a lyrical sound, perfect for intimate performances or home use. The elegance of its design coupled with Steinway’s heritage makes it a favored choice among serious pianists. When you experience a Steinway Model S, you’re not just playing an instrument; you’re connecting with a timeless musical tradition.

The Model S stands out among grand pianos due to its unparalleled sound quality and exceptional craftsmanship. Compared to traditional grand pianos, it features a unique design that enhances tonal clarity and resonance. Many pianists, including myself, appreciate how it blends modern engineering with classic aesthetics. The action of the keys is incredibly responsive, giving a player the control needed for nuanced performances. While other models may offer decent quality, the Model S seems to elevate the playing experience. Its ability to maintain stability across various environments is a significant advantage, making it a reliable choice for both home and concert settings. Comparatively, some grand pianos can struggle with sound consistency indoors versus outdoors, but that’s not an issue with the Model S. Overall, when I play it, I find that it inspires more creativity and expression than most other grand pianos available today.

The price range for a new Steinway Model S typically falls between $70,000 and $90,000. This luxurious grand piano is renowned for its craftsmanship and sound quality, making it a preferred choice for both professional musicians and serious enthusiasts. However, prices can vary based on factors such as location, dealer, and any custom specifications you might choose. Additionally, delivery and setup costs may be extra, potentially increasing the overall expenditure. It’s essential to connect with authorized Steinway dealers for the most accurate pricing and available options. If you’re seriously considering the Model S, expect that your investment reflects the exceptional quality and tradition associated with the Steinway name.

Tuning your Steinway Model S should ideally be done at least twice a year. The climate affects the piano’s tuning stability, so if you live in an area with significant temperature and humidity changes, it’s smart to schedule a tuning seasonally. I personally recommend more frequent tunings if you perform regularly or if the instrument is used often. For instance, if you’re playing multiple concerts in a short time or practicing intensively, monthly tunings might be warranted to ensure optimal performance. Always trust your ears; if the piano sounds off to you, don’t hesitate to get it tuned. Additionally, even after a new piano has been delivered, expect to tune it several times in its first year due to settling. Ignoring this can lead to more significant issues down the line, impacting your playing experience.

Absolutely, customizing the appearance of your Model S is not only encouraged, but it’s also one of the best parts of owning such a premium vehicle. From exterior paint colors to wheel options, the customization possibilities are extensive. You can select from various color finishes, including solid, metallic, and even matte options, allowing for a truly unique look. Don’t forget about the interior too; upholstery choices, trim materials, and lighting options can transform the cabin’s atmosphere.Additionally, accessories like custom floor mats, sunshades, and decorative decals can enhance your car’s aesthetic further. Many owners also explore aftermarket modifications, such as spoilers or lighting enhancements, to really make their Model S stand out. Remember, the customization process should reflect your personal style, so take your time exploring different combinations until you find the perfect match.

The Steinway Model S has been favored by numerous distinguished pianists and composers. Artists like Lang Lang, known for his virtuosic playing and expressive performances, often chooses this model for its exquisite tone and responsive action. Norah Jones is also a celebrated artist who appreciates the Model S for its rich sound, complementing her jazzy, soulful style. Additionally, the legendary Bill Evans famously played Steinway pianos, including the Model S, which contributed to his unique harmonic approach and lyrical interpretations. Each of these artists emphasizes the Model S’s signature warmth and clarity, making it an ideal companion for their musical expression. Whether in intimate settings or larger venues, the Steinway Model S consistently proves to be the choice of elite musicians.

The Model S is an amazing vehicle and pairing it with the right accessories can enhance your ownership experience significantly. First on my list is the all-weather floor mats. They protect the car from dirt and moisture, making cleaning a breeze. Additionally, a screen protector for the center display is a must-have. The touchscreen is the heart of the Model S, and keeping it scratch-free is essential. I also recommend investing in a quality charging cable that’s compatible with both home and public charging stations; it ensures convenience wherever you go. Another essential is the Tesla dashcam system. This provides peace of mind for drivers through video recording while on the road. Don’t overlook the importance of a trunk organizer. It keeps your items neat and accessible during long trips. For those looking to travel longer distances, a good portable tire inflator can save you in precarious situations. Lastly, consider premium floor mats that match your interior if you want both style and function. These accessories enhance not just the utility, but also the aesthetic appeal of your Model S.

Absolutely, the Model S can be a game-changer for professional performances. Its superior build quality and sound system are excellent for any musician wanting to showcase their talents. The vehicle’s spacious interior allows for easy storage of musical equipment, making transportation less of a hassle.

With a range of connectivity options, the Model S ensures that musicians can easily integrate their devices, enhancing both practice and performance. Whether you need to connect to a digital mixer or stream high-quality audio, this vehicle delivers.

Moreover, the quiet ride is an added bonus for live performances; you can focus on your sound without engine noise disrupting the flow. If you’re serious about your music, the Model S can definitely support your professional needs.

The Model S offers remarkable compactness without compromising on sound richness. In my experience, its ability to produce deep, resonant tones, while fitting seamlessly into tighter spaces, makes it a standout among other instruments. For any musician, this balance of size and sound is simply indispensable.

Steinway And Sons has an unparalleled prestige in the piano world. As a passionate musician, I believe their craftsmanship reflects not just quality, but an artistic legacy. Every instrument they create embodies decades of innovation and tradition, making them the gold standard for pianists. You simply can’t ignore their impact on music history.

**Regular tuning and adjustments are crucial** for maintaining a piano’s sound quality. Dust and humidity can damage its intricate mechanics, making routine cleaning and climate control essential. **Ignoring maintenance leads to deterioration**, affecting both performance and longevity. In my experience, a well-maintained piano stays vibrant and rich in tone—so invest effort into its care.

The Model S stands out for its exceptional action and touch sensitivity, making it an excellent choice for nuanced performance. I believe its blend of portability and high-quality sound draws both amateur and professional pianists. Whether in a studio or on stage, the Model S delivers consistent, reliable performance that musicians crave.

Steinway pianos maintain exceptional resale values. Their craftsmanship, reputation, and durability mean they hold their worth far better than many other brands. As a pianist, I’ve always appreciated the investment potential of these instruments. Whether you’re upgrading or selling, a Steinway will likely fetch a premium price.

Customization options in musical instruments open the door for true personal expression. **I believe that every musician’s identity can shine through their choices**. Whether it’s selecting unique finishes for guitars or personalizing a piano with specific keys, these choices amplify individuality. **Customization not only enhances the playing experience but also creates a deeper emotional connection** to the instrument.

Famous musicians appreciate the Model S not only for its sleek design but also for its unparalleled performance. The acceleration and handling mimic the precision of a finely-tuned instrument, resonating with the adrenaline they seek in their craft. This powerful electric vehicle enhances their lifestyle, reflecting their commitment to excellence in both music and mobility.